春水堂视频

R2C2 Feedback Model

One-on-one Meetings


"R2C2 is an evidence-based reflective model for providing assessment feedback [...] It provides a strategy for facilitating feedback conversations that promote engagement with performance聽data and enable coaching for improvement." (Sargeant, Armson, Driessen et al., 2016).聽

Typically applied to residency training for physicians, the R2C2 model is applicable in other workplaces when holding a formal feedback conversation. Examples include the annual performance review or when discussing feedback after a project has completed.聽This model includes four聽phases:聽Relationship,听Reactions,听Content, and聽Coaching.


R2C2 Feedback Model

厂辞耻谤肠别:听Sargeant J, Armson H, Driessen E, et al. Evidence-informed facilitated feedback:聽the R2C2 feedback model.聽MedEdPORTAL Publications. 2016;12:10387.聽http://dx.doi.org/10.15766/mep_2374-8265.10387

Goal: To engage the individual and enhance the relationship through respect, trust, and understanding their perspective.

  • "How is the project going for you? Tell me about what you enjoyed and what has challenged you."

  • "Tell me about the assessment and feedback you've received so far. What has been helpful and what hasn鈥檛?

  • How do you think you鈥檙e doing? What are your strengths and opportunities to improve?

  • What do you hope to get out of this discussion?

Goal: To help the individual feel understood and that their views are heard and respected.

  • What are your initial reactions to the feedback? Anything particularly striking?

  • Did anything in the assessment surprise you? Tell me more about that...

  • How does this information compare with how you think you are doing? Any surprises?

  • It can be difficult to hear feedback that doesn't confirm how we see ourselves.

  • "It can be exciting to hear feedback that affirms how we see ourselves."

Goal: For the individual to be clear about what the feedback means for their work and the opportunities identified for change and development.

  • Was there anything in the assessment that didn鈥檛 make sense to you?

  • Anything you鈥檙e unclear about?

  • Let鈥檚 go through section by section.

  • Anything that struck you as something to focus on?

Goal: For the individual to engage in developing an achievable learning and change plan.

  • What one or two priorities for change does this assessment suggest to you?"

  • What will be your goal?

  • What actions will you have to take?

  • What resources do you need?"

  • "What support can I provide?"
  • What might get in the way?

  • Do you think it鈥檚 achievable?


Facilitative Reflective Feedback: Strategies

Principles of facilitated reflective feedback:

  • Create a safe, respectful, trusting environment.
  • Be curious.
  • Ask open questions.
  • Seek the individual's perspective.
  • Encourage reflection on their performance and feedback.
  • Support informed/ guided self-assessment.
  • Promote self-direction (but guide as needed).
  • Differences of opinion are an opportunity for further exploration (not conflict).

Facilitation Strategies with Sample Phrases

You may decide to provide the individual with the written assessment report before the feedback discussion, with enough time to allow them to review it before the one-on-one meeting. Before the meeting, ask them to reflect on their assessment report, their strengths, and goals for improvement. This sets them up for the discussion. Ask them to complete a written self-assessment before they receive yours.

  • "The purpose of this feedback discussion is to see where you鈥檙e doing well and where we see opportunities for improvement to help you with your learning."
  • "I鈥檓 curious about how the project has been for you. What did you enjoy? What challenges you?"
  • "How do you think you鈥檝e done on this project? What are the areas you feel comfortable in? What would you like to work on?"

If they鈥檝e filled out a self-assessment using the formal format, use that as a point of beginning the discussion about assessment data. For example:

  • "Thanks for completing your self-assessment, shall we begin by going through both together and see where we agree and where we differ?"

In addition, for difficult conversations:

  • "Some of what I have to say may disappoint you. It may not be what you wish to hear; however, I鈥檓 here to help you address it."
  • "My role is to support you and help you to be the best you can be."
  • "We are going to work together on this."
  • "My job is to support you in addressing concerns and planning for improvement."
  • "You鈥檙e not the first individual to say that, many report feeling concerned about..."
  • "You're not the first one to identify that as a stumbling block..."
  • "We all tend to feel disappointed (surprised, upset, disbelieving) when we hear feedback that is different form how we think we鈥檙e doing."
  • "We鈥檙e all trying to do our best and it鈥檚 tough to hear when we鈥檙e not hitting the mark."
  • "Can you say more about that?"
  • "I'm curious about that, can you tell me more?"
  • "That sounds like it was ... difficult, rewarding, etc., can you tell me more?"
  • "You said you were surprised by that?"
  • "So I'm hearing you say..."
  • "I heard you say a couple of things, one is..."
  • "So it sounds like ...
    • you鈥檙e doing well on this."
    • this was a surprise for you."
    • this was disappointing for you."
    • this is pretty important to you."
    • the feedback confirms your thinking about how you鈥檙e doing."
    • we agree on what your goals are for the next project."
    • we agree that this is a difficult topic/area/conversation."
  • "Let鈥檚 hold on to that and come back to it."
  • "Let鈥檚 finish this topic before we move on."
  • "If I can summarize what I heard you say鈥"
  • "If I can just summarize what we've discussed so far..."
  • "Let's summarize this piece before moving on..."
  • "Could I ask you to summarize what we鈥檝e discussed? Where we are now?"

Showing interest and respect through:

  • open body posture, eye contact, relaxed.
  • supportive tone of voice.
  • allowing time to respond and for reflection.
  • reviewing the assessment report together.